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1.
J. oral res. (Impresa) ; 9(6): 457-465, dic. 31, 2020. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1178939

ABSTRACT

Soft tissue calcifications can indicate the presence of more serious, potentially life-threatening pathologies. Therefore, their study can lead to an early diagnosis of those conditions that have not yet become clinically apparent. Main objective: To determine the prevalence of calcifications in soft tissues of the head and neck in cone beam computed tomography images obtained from the Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Service at Universidad Andrés Bello (UNAB), Viña del Mar, Chile. Material and Methods: Retrospective, cross-sectional, quantitative study. A total of 288 images of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) were used. Images were obtained at random from the database of the Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Service at UNAB, Viña Del Mar, between 2014 and 2019. Results: A prevalence of 59.72% of soft tissue calcifications was obtained. The most prevalent were: tonsilloliths and calcified stylohyoid ligament, accounting for 30.65% and 45.56%, respectively. Conclusion: A high prevalence of soft tissue calcifications was found in a population that has not been studied previously; therefore, it is important that the dentist perform a detailed analysis of the cone beam computed tomography.


Introducción: Las calcificaciones en tejidos blandos pueden indicar patologías más graves, que incluso pueden comprometer la vida. Por lo tanto, investigarlas puede conducir a un diagnóstico temprano de aquellas que aún no se han manifestado clínicamente. Objetivo principal: determinar la prevalencia de calcificaciones en tejidos blandos de cabeza y cuello en tomografía computarizada de haz cónico del Servicio de Radiología Oral y Maxilofacial de la UNAB, Viña del Mar, Chile. Material y Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, transversal, cuantitativo. Se utilizaron 288 volúmenes de tomografía computarizada de haz cónico (CBCT, por las iniciales en inglés de Cone Beam Computed Tomography), obtenidas al azar, de la base de datos del Servicio de Radiología Oral y Maxilofacial de la Universidad Andrés Bello (UNAB), Viña del Mar entre 2014 y 2019. Resultados: Se obtuvo una prevalencia de 59.72% de calcificaciones en tejidos blandos. Las más prevalentes fueron: tonsilolitos, con un 30,65% y ligamento estilohioídeo calcificado, con un 45,56%. Conclusión: Se encontró una alta prevalencia de calcificaciones en tejidos blandos en una población que no ha sido estudiada previamente, por ello es importante que el odontólogo realice un análisis detallado de la tomografía computarizada de haz cónico.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Calcinosis/diagnostic imaging , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography/methods , Head/diagnostic imaging , Neck/diagnostic imaging , Palatine Tonsil/diagnostic imaging , Calcinosis/epidemiology , Chile , Prevalence , Retrospective Studies , Ligaments
2.
Medwave ; 20(10): e8053, 18 nov. 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1145818

ABSTRACT

La alopecia areata es un tipo común de alopecia no cicatricial. Aunque la patogénesis exacta permanece sin dilucidar, se piensa que la alopecia areata tiene una etiología multifactorial en donde se interrelacionan predisposición genética y factores ambientales. En pacientes susceptibles, se han documentado que el estrés, infecciones y microtraumas disminuyen las citoquinas inmunosupresoras que normalmente mantienen el privilegio inmune del folículo piloso. Actualmente no hay terapia curativa para la alopecia areata, aunque ciertos tratamientos pueden inducir el crecimiento del cabello en un porcentaje de pacientes. Se postula que la simvastatina restablece el privilegio inmune y ezetimibe aportaría un efecto inmunomodulador y antiinflamatorio. Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 23 años con alopecia areata, exitosamente tratada con simvastatina y ezetimibe.


Alopecia areata is a common type of non-scarring alo¬pecia. Although the exact pathogenesis remains elusive, alopecia areata is thought to have a multifactorial etiology described as an interplay of genetic predisposition and environmental exposures. In patients with genetic susceptibility, stress, infection, and microtrauma have been documented to decrease immunosuppressive cytokines that generally maintain the hair follicle's immune privilege. There is currently no curative therapy for alopecia areata, although some treatments can induce hair growth in a percentage of patients. It has been postulated that simvastatin reestablishes the immune privilege, and ezetimibe would provide an immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effect. We report a case of a 23 years-old woman with alopecia areata successfully treated with simvastatin/ezetimibe.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Simvastatin/therapeutic use , Alopecia Areata/genetics , Alopecia Areata/drug therapy , Ezetimibe/therapeutic use , Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use , Genetic Predisposition to Disease
3.
Int. j. morphol ; 37(4): 1493-1497, Dec. 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1040159

ABSTRACT

Uno de los principales factores genéticos que influenciarían el rendimiento muscular humano es el gen ACTN3, que codifica la proteína estructural del sarcómero α-actinina-3. El polimorfismo R577X (rs1815739) del gen ACTN3 ha sido asociado con varios indicadores de rendimiento muscular y físico en deportistas y población general, pero este fenómeno ha sido escasamente descrito en poblaciones de Latinoamérica y Chile. Por lo tanto, el objetivo del presente estudio fue describir la frecuencia genotípica y distribución alélica de los genotipos de ACTN3 R577X en deportistas universitarios chilenos. 129 deportistas universitarios chilenos representantes de diferentes selecciones deportivas (halterofilia, balonmano, voleibol, rugby, basquetbol, futbol y futsal) participaron como voluntarios. Los análisis moleculares del polimorfismo R577X del gen ACTN3 fueron realizados mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) y restricción enzimática (RFLP). La distribución de genotipos del polimorfismo ACTN3 R577X fue RR: 34,8 % (n=45), RX: 50,4 % (n=65), XX: 14,7 % (n=19), y la frecuencia relativa de alelos fue R: 0,601 y X: 0,399. Además, se encontró asociación entre distribución de genotipos (c2= 12,26; 2 gl; p=0,002) y frecuencia relativa de alelos (c2= 11.02; 1 gl; p=0.0009) con el sexo de los participantes. Sin embargo, no hubo asociación al realizar análisis por tipo de deporte practicado. Los hallazgos de la presente investigación sugieren que el polimorfismo R577X del gen ACTN3 está asociado con el sexo en deportistas universitarios chilenos. Además, estos resultados describen de forma inédita la distribución genotípica y frecuencia alélica de esta variante genética en población chilena, mostrando una distribución similar a otros estudios realizados en poblaciones de deportistas en Brasil, Rusia, Estados Unidos y Turquía. No obstante, también muestra diferencias con otras poblaciones generales y de deportistas.


One of the main genetic factors that influence the muscular performance is the gene that encodes the structural protein α-actinin-3 (ACTN3). The R577X polymorphism (rs1815739) of ACTN3 has been associated with indicators of muscle and physical performance in athletes and general population, but this has been scarcely described in the Latin American and Chilean population. Thus, the aim of the present study was to describe the genotypic frequency and allelic distribution of ACTN3 R577X genotypes in college athletes. A total of 129 unrelated Chilean college athletes representing various sport disciplines (weightlifting, handball, volleyball, rugby, basketball, soccer and futsal) were volunteered for the study. ACTN3 R577X gene polymorphism was analysed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). For the total sample the genotypes distribution for R577X polymorphism was RR: 34.8 % (n=45), RX: 50.4 % (n=65), XX: 14.7 % (n=19), and the relative frequency of alleles was R: 0,601 and X: 0,399. Moreover, an association was found between genotype distribution (c2= 12.26; 2 df; p=0.002) and allele frequencies (c2= 11.02; 1 df; p=0.0009) with the sex of the participants. However, there were no associations when performing analysis by type of sports. These findings suggest that the R577X polymorphism of the ACTN3 gene is associated with sex in Chilean college athletes. Furthermore, these results describe in an unprecedented manner, the genotypic distribution and allelic frequency of this genetic variant in Chilean population, showing a similar distribution to other studies conducted in populations of athletes in Brazil, Russia, the United States and Turkey. However, it also shows differences with other general and athletes populations.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Polymorphism, Genetic , Students , Actins/genetics , Athletes , Universities , Chile , Athletic Performance/physiology
4.
Electron. j. biotechnol ; 14(5): 2-2, Sept. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-640509

ABSTRACT

Dekkera bruxellensis is one of the main contaminating yeasts in wine due to its ability to metabolize cinnamic acids into volatile phenols. This yeast metabolizes p-coumaric acid into 4-vinylphenol through a coumarate decarboxylase (CD) and then transforms it into to 4-ethylphenol (EF) through a vinylphenol reductase. In this work we investigated the influence of the interaction between the concentration of p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid and ethanol as well as growth temperature on the production of CD activity and the expression of a putative gene that codes for this enzymatic activity. For this, a Box Behnken experimental design was used. The concentration of p-coumaric acid (5-26 ppm) and ferulic acid (3-9 ppm) alone did not show any significant effect on any of the studied response variables. However, the interaction between (ethanol concentration * cinnamic acid concentration) and (ethanol concentration * temperature) had a significant statistical effect on the production of CD activity. Additionally, a higher growth temperature negatively affected the expression of the putative cd gene and the production of CD activity. This is the first work that studies the effect of cinnamic acids on the production of CD activity and the relative expression of its putative gene, using natural concentrations of cinnamic acid found in wine.


Subject(s)
Brettanomyces/enzymology , Brettanomyces/genetics , Carboxy-Lyases/metabolism , Dekkera/enzymology , Dekkera/genetics , Ethanol , Gene Expression , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Temperature , Wine
5.
Rev. chil. med. intensiv ; 23(1): 18-24, 2008. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-516211

ABSTRACT

El delirio es un cuadro subdiagnosticado en el paciente crítico, y existe poca información al respecto. Es un factor de riesgo independiente de aumento de estadía en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI), genera secuelas neurocognitivas y aumenta la mortalidad. Nuestra Unidad no está exenta del problema, y es por ello que ha nacido la inquietud de cuantificar la frecuencia de delirio y analizar los principales factores relacionados con ella, utilizando instrumentos estandarizados y validados. Para el presente estudio se aplicó la escala Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU), instrumento para la evaluación del delirio en pacientes de UCI (Ely et al., 2001), y la escala Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS) (Ely et al., 2003) para evaluar el nivel de sedación, y una hoja de registro para la recolección de datos. Se incluyeron 24 pacientes, con un promedio de permanencia de 14 días, siendo los más propensos al delirio los varones. Todos tienen un alto grado de riesgo y dependencia, según la categorización de enfermería diaria. La edad media fue de 55 +/- 19 años, los diagnósticos de ingreso fueron principalmente neumonía (41,7%) y pancreatitis (12,5%). El promedio de días de ventilación mecánica fue de 7 +/- 8, y se encontró uso de drogas vasoactivas en 41% de los pacientes (las más utilizadas fueron noradrenalina y dobutamina), sedación en 77%, antipsicóticos en 35,4%. La incidencia de delirio se presentó en 58% de los pacientes, con una edad media 53 +/- 15 años (rango de 23 a 77 años). La valoración de delirio es una herramienta fundamental en el paciente crítico, este estudio nos permitió identificar ciertos factores predisponentes para detectarlo a tiempo y tratar el cuadro. La utilización de la CAM- ICU permitió demostrar que un alto porcentaje de los pacientes sometidos a VM desarrollaron delirio.


The delirium is an under diagnosed state in critical patients, and there is only little information. Although it is known to be a risk factor independent to the increase of staying in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), generates neurocognitive sequelae and increases mortality. Our Unit isn’t exempt from the problem, why the concern has been born to quantify the incidence of delirium and analyzing the major factors related, using standardized instruments and validated, between the months of May and August 2007. For data collection the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU) data collection scale was applied, an instrument for the evaluation of delirium in patients in ICU (Ely et al., 2001); also the Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS) (Ely et al., 2003) scale for evaluating the sedation level and a record sheet for data collection. The data analysis was done using SPSS v. 15 statistics software. 24 patients were recorded, with a mean stay of 14 days, being men more prone. Everyone has a high degree of risk and dependence, according to the categorization of daily nursing. Mean age was 55 +/- 19 years; the diagnoses of income were mainly pneumonia (41.7%) and pancreatitis (12.5%). The average days of VM was 7 +/- 8, and found use of vasoactive drugs in 41% of patients, the most commonly used were Noradrenalina and Dobutamina, sedation at 77%, antipsychotics in 35.4%. The incidence of delirium was present in 58% of patients, with an average age of 53 +/- 15 years (range 23 to 77 years). The valuation of delirium is a fundamental tool in the critical patient, this study allowed us to identify certain predisposing factors to detect and treat this state. The use of CAM- ICU helped to show that a high percentage of patients undergoing VM developed delirium.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Critical Care , Delirium/diagnosis , Delirium/epidemiology , Respiration, Artificial/adverse effects , Incidence , Prospective Studies , Time Factors
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